1. Image Based:
Image based covers usually have one or a couple of people on the cover and it is more preferable if the person on the cover is smiling. The celebrity's that are on the cover sells the magazine/issue, because of this most celebrity issues sell more covers than the other.
2. Illustration Based:
Illustration based covers were the only way of creating cover pages in the mid 30's of the 20th century. Now the illustrations are mainly used to show something funny or out of the ordinary. It is not very common for magazines to have a illustrated cover. But the ones that do have a illustrated cover like The New Yorker are independently published magazines that don't have to rely on the news stand sales to keep on going.
3. Type Based:
Type based covers are usually shocking and are seen more often than illustrated covers. It is powerful in the way it looks and there is a beauty it types that can present the message much better than photography could. The most famous typography based cover was called "Oh My God, We Hit a Little Girl!" by George Lois. Small in numbers typography covers are slowly having a revival in the last few years since there is also a rise in popularity of handwritten letters and modern calligraphy.
4. Concept Based:
Concept based covers are a mix of three approaches, but is best when it's used to present a strong message in a shocking or funny way. For the concept based covers the sell it has to be instantly understandable to the audience which is not usually easy to achieve. It has to be funny for the readers, not just yourself and your editor. It is rare but can usually be seen in business magazines, news weekly magazines, independent magazines, magazines that are supplements to newspapers and subscription only publications.
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The photo on magazine covers can tell us what the person is about or to see what their doing while the words on the magazine cover can tell you what the situation or what is happening in the photo. Which can be important for selling issues and it being good in general.
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